Summary of Key Points
Vocational schools, which were once considered a backup option for further education (including secondary vocational schools, higher vocational schools, and vocational undergraduate programs), have now become highly sought-after. Admission scores have risen significantly in many regions, with the scores for higher vocational programs even surpassing those for undergraduate programs. In Guangzhou, the admission ratio for the "3+4" vocational-to-undergraduate program reached 30:1, and students in Shanghai who scored over 700 on their high school entrance exams have actively chosen vocational schools. This change is driven by three main factors: a shift in societal priorities from emphasizing diplomas to focusing on employment; the fact that some vocational programs offer higher salaries than less popular undergraduate programs; and national policies that have elevated the status of vocational education to that of regular education and expanded pathways for further education. However, the article also points out potential concerns, such as the diminishing appeal of traditional vocational programs and hidden barriers. It recommends that governments, schools, businesses, and parents work together to ensure the sustainable and healthy development of vocational education.
Detailed Analysis
1. Vocational Schools' "Comeback": Employment Security Overcomes the "Diploma Bias"
In the past, the choice of school was largely based on the diploma, with undergraduate programs being considered superior to higher vocational schools, and high schools better than secondary vocational schools. However, with increasing employment pressure, it has become harder for graduates from regular undergraduate programs to find jobs. In contrast, vocational schools with strong programs in fields such as intelligent manufacturing, low-altitude economy (e.g., drones), and energy storage have high employment rates due to the demand for skilled workers in these emerging industries. For many families, the ability to secure a stable job is more valuable than obtaining a regular diploma, making vocational schools a more viable option.
For example, a student in Shanghai who scored 700 on the high school entrance exam chose a vocational school because of the "3+4" program, which allows them to complete three years of vocational education and then directly enter an undergraduate program to earn a full-degree diploma, thereby obtaining both skills and a degree without delaying their career prospects.
2. Income Comparison: Choosing the Right Vocational Program Can Be More Profitable Than an Undergraduate Program
Some may think that vocational school graduates earn less, but this depends on the specific program. According to data from MyCOS, the average monthly income for 2025 graduates from regular undergraduate programs is 6,435 yuan, while it is 4,882 yuan for higher vocational graduates. However, if we compare the top 10 highest-paying higher vocational programs (e.g., intelligent manufacturing, new energy vehicles) with the bottom 10 lowest-paying undergraduate programs (e.g., certain liberal arts fields), the salaries of the former exceed those of the latter. In other words, choosing a popular vocational program can lead to higher earnings.
3. Policy Support: Vocational Schools Are No Longer "Second-Class Education"
The government is providing more support for vocational education. The revised Vocational Education Law in 2022 explicitly states that vocational education is as important as regular education. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, 63 new vocational undergraduate programs were established, and this trend is accelerating. The "3+4" program, which allows students to complete three years of vocational education and then enter an undergraduate program, has been rolled out in 13 provinces and cities, making it easier for vocational students to obtain a bachelor's degree.
These policies address two key concerns: the lower status of vocational education and the lack of pathways for further education. They have transformed vocational schools from a last-resort option into a proactive choice for many students.
4. Addressing Challenges: Everyone Must Work Together to Overcome Barriers
While the popularity of vocational schools is a positive development, there are still issues that need to be addressed:
- Government: Eliminate hidden barriers for vocational students, such as discrimination in civil service and public institution recruitment. Promote closer collaboration between schools and businesses to ensure that education aligns with job requirements.
- Schools: Update curricula to reflect current industry needs and avoid teaching outdated skills. Develop unique programs to differentiate vocational schools from others.
- Businesses: Participate actively in training by offering customized programs that meet corporate needs. In Tianjin, 64% of higher vocational schools and 53% of secondary vocational schools are run by businesses, which has been successful.
- Parents and Students: Make informed choices based on interests and industry prospects. Consider vocational schools if you value practical skills, but regular education may be better if you excel in theoretical studies. Be cautious of the potential for jobs to become obsolete quickly due to rapid industry changes.
5. The Big Picture: Industrial Upgrading and Educational Reform
The surge in interest in vocational schools is a natural outcome of China's economic transformation. As the manufacturing sector shifts from labor-intensive to technology-intensive, there is a growing demand for skilled workers. The rise of vocational education reflects a shift in the education system to meet these new needs and a change in societal attitudes towards education, which no longer solely focuses on diplomas.
By addressing these challenges, vocational schools can become a vital platform for talent development, contributing to China's industrial upgrading and the employment of young people.