Summary of Key Points
Higuo Noguchi, at the age of 68, passed away from colon cancer. Although it may seem sudden, his death is closely related to the high incidence of colorectal cancer in Japan, the "epidemic diseases" of his generation (resulting from a Westernized diet), and the "high-risk lifestyle" associated with the profession of being a writer (sedentary habits, staying up late, and drinking alcohol). Japan has managed to control the mortality rate through screening programs, but individuals who neglect prevention still face significant risks. China is following a similar path to Japan's, with the incidence of colorectal cancer rising rapidly, especially in rural areas, where the growth rate even exceeds that of urban areas. Ordinary people can reduce their risk by undergoing early screening, adjusting their diet, and increasing physical activity.
1. Colorectal Cancer in Japan: High Incidence but Declining Mortality Rate
Colorectal cancer is a "national cancer" in Japan, with 150,000 new cases each year (accounting for 15.6% of all cancers) and 53,000 deaths (second only to lung cancer), with the mortality rate being higher among women. The main reason for this is aging (cancer is more common in the elderly), but even after accounting for age, the incidence rate remains stable while the mortality rate is declining. This is thanks to the widespread adoption of screening programs: since the 1990s, people over 40 have been annually screened for blood in their stool (a simple and inexpensive test) that can detect polyps early on, which are warning signs before cancer develops.
However, screening is a collective effort. For individuals who do not pay attention to it, such as Higuo Noguchi, even with access to good medical resources, they may still be at risk.
2. Higuo Noguchi's Illness: The Combined Impact of "Epidemic Diseases" and "Occupational Health Issues"
His illness was not accidental; it was the result of both epidemic diseases and occupational health issues:
- Epidemic Diseases: Born in 1958, he lived during a period of rapid economic growth in Japan when the diet shifted from a traditional fish-and-rice-based one to one that includes more red meat, processed meats, and refined carbohydrates (such as hamburgers and yakitori). These factors are known risk factors for colon cancer, and over decades, polyps gradually developed into cancer.
- Occupational Health Issues: As a writer, his lifestyle exposed him to multiple risk factors:
- Sedentary Habits: Spending long hours sitting at his desk while writing led to reduced physical activity, which increases the risk of colon cancer.
- Staying Up Late: Working from noon until 4 a.m. disrupted his sleep schedule.
- Drinking Alcohol: Regular visits to izakaya (Japanese pubs) where he consumed alcohol, with its metabolites being carcinogenic.
- Diet: The red meat and processed meats commonly eaten at izakayas contributed to his risk.
These habits did not develop overnight; over time, they shaped his predisposition to colon cancer.
3. Is China Following Japan's Path? Yes, and Faster
The data on colorectal cancer in China is concerning:
- High Incidence: In 2022, there were 517,000 new cases, making it the second most common type of cancer.
- Rapid Growth: The incidence rate increased from 348,000 to 517,000 cases between 2013 and 2022, with a yearly increase of 2.7% in men and 1.1% in women.
- Rural Areas Catching Up: Although the incidence rate is higher in urban areas, it is growing faster in rural areas (4.5% compared to 1.8%) due to the spread of takeaway food, convenience stores, and increased consumption of red meat.
Why is this happening? China is rapidly Westernizing: people are eating more red meat (with average daily consumption reaching nearly the recommended limit of 72 grams), consuming more processed foods, and leading sedentary lifestyles. The changes that took Japan decades to occur may now be happening in a much shorter period in China.
However, there are some mitigating factors: for example, Chinese people consume more soy products and green tea than Japanese do, but these benefits are being offset by the rise of takeaway food and sugary beverages. Additionally, the cost of fresh fruits and vegetables is increasing, making it harder for ordinary people to maintain a healthy diet.
4. What Can Ordinary People Do?
There are three key steps to take:
Colon cancer is preventable and detectable, so there's no need to panic, but action is necessary:
1. Early Screening: Start screening at the age of 40-45 (or earlier for high-risk groups, such as those with a family history). Undergo an annual blood test for stool abnormalities or a colonoscopy every 5-10 years for more accurate results. In Japan, 66% of employers and 76% of insurance companies support screening programs; we should also establish the habit of getting checked when appropriate.
2. Dietary Adjustments: Reduce the intake of processed meats (sausages, bacon) and red meat, and increase the consumption of whole grains (brown rice, oats), vegetables, and soy products. Avoid letting takeaway food and convenience stores dominate your diet.
3. Increase Physical Activity: Engage in moderate exercise for 30 minutes daily (such as brisk walking or cycling). Even standing up and moving around every hour at work can help.
Higuo Noguchi's story serves as a reminder that even with good living conditions, neglecting healthy habits and screening can lead to colon cancer. It's never too late to make changes for a healthier lifestyle.
(Note: This article does not provide medical advice; for specific screening and dietary recommendations, consult a doctor.)